Mehdi Mousavi; Ali Reza Yarahmadi Bafghi; Hamid Reza Bakhshi
Abstract
In the past, rock slope stability analysis were performed either graphically or using a hand-held calculator, but nowadays there are variety of slope stability analysis which can be used according to the field condition and potential failure mode. In 2-D analysis, effect of convex and concave walls are ...
Read More
In the past, rock slope stability analysis were performed either graphically or using a hand-held calculator, but nowadays there are variety of slope stability analysis which can be used according to the field condition and potential failure mode. In 2-D analysis, effect of convex and concave walls are neglected, however concave slopes are believed to be more stable than straight walls due to the lateral restraint provided by material on either sides of a potential failure in a concave slope. In open pit mines with general tendency to increase the wall angle, this point is really important. In this study slope stability of western wall of Sarcheshmeh mine in its extension plan is analyzed using 3-D distinct element method (3DEC). For stability analysis, west wall is divided into three structural regions according to the rock type. Rock and joint strength properties are determined from previous and new laboratory tests. Also in Andesite (dominant rock of the west wall) geometrical properties of joint sets are determined. Consequently Slide5.0 software is used to identify rock mass stability and effect of disturbance factor, underground water, horizontal seismic acceleration and rock type on wall stability. In the next step, the mine geometry is modeled in 3DEC and wall stability is investigated in different locations. Results obtained from 3DEC prove failure of several benches at the toe. Also results show drainage may improve stability in some zones but there would still be smaller failures in the toe.
Hamid Reza Bakhshi; Azar Mahmoud Zadeh
Abstract
One of the important issues in many of array systems such as Radar, Sonar, Mobile, and satellite telecommunications is the estimation of DOA of narrowband received signal. CRB is very important in evaluation of parameter estimation. CRB is the lower bound estimation error variance for any unbiased estimation. ...
Read More
One of the important issues in many of array systems such as Radar, Sonar, Mobile, and satellite telecommunications is the estimation of DOA of narrowband received signal. CRB is very important in evaluation of parameter estimation. CRB is the lower bound estimation error variance for any unbiased estimation. In this paper, the array antenna with equal distance arrays is extended in two separated subarrays. At first we study the lower bound of estimation error variance for Direction-of-Arrival in array antennas using CRB method. Then, with extending the above method, the estimation error variance for Direction-of-Arrival in array antennas with two separated subarrays is computed. It is observed that if the size of array increases, the estimation accuracy also increases. But the cost of array and complication of the system also increase. Therefore, we suggest using array antennas with separated subarrays. Furthermore, when signal to noise ratio in the communications system is low, by using of array antennas with two separated subarrays, the Direction-of-Arrival is estimated with high accuracy.
Simulation results show that as the distance between the two subarrays and the distance between the antennas increase, the estimation error variance decreases. It should be noted that the distance between antennas should not be more than wavelength of received signal. This causes the ambiguity in estimation and grows up the sidelobes
